There is a sense of terror hanging over the UK, or so Alice Smith assures us in one of those terse pronouncements that X specialises in delivering. People, she says, are scared to say what they see, scared to voice their true opinions, scared to lose their jobs, their pensions, their liberty. And it’s only getting worse. This, she concludes with the crisp finality of a guillotine falling, is what socialism does to a country. One pictures Miss Smith – great-great-great-granddaughter of Adam Smith, no less, a lineage she wears like a badge of hereditary indignation – typing these words in a dimly lit room somewhere in the Home Counties, pausing only to glance over her shoulder in case the Thought Police have already installed a webcam in the teapot. It is a vivid image, and one that invites us to consider the peculiar British talent for turning existential dread into a polite whisper. Terror, of course, is a strong word. In the old days we reserved it for the Blitz, or the prospect of a nuclear winter, or – if one were particularly sensitive – the arrival of a restaurant bill in a foreign currency.
Nowadays it seems to describe the sensation of wondering whether that perfectly reasonable remark about immigration levels might cost one the annual performance bonus. The terror is not of tanks rolling down the Mall but of an email from Human Resources, phrased in the soothing tones of corporate pastoral care: “We would like to invite you to a conversation about inclusivity.” How did we arrive here? The journey has been gradual, almost courteous, like a butler easing a guest towards the door while insisting that it is entirely the guest’s idea to leave. There was the Online Safety Act, that magnificent piece of legislation which promised to make the internet a safer place for children and promptly set about making it a safer place for ministers’ reputations. Platforms must now remove 'harmful' content or face fines large enough to make even a tech billionaire blink.
And who defines 'harmful'? Why, the same people who brought you the equality impact assessment and the net-zero target – civil servants with clipboards and a profound faith in the redemptive power of bureaucracy. The beauty of the Act, from the government’s point of view, is its elegance. No need for midnight knocks on the door when the platforms themselves will do the knocking – or rather, the muting, the shadow-banning, the quiet disappearance of inconvenient opinions into the digital equivalent of a locked filing cabinet. Self-censorship is so much more efficient than state censorship. It enlists the victim as accomplice. One does not need a Ministry of Truth when the citizens are willing to edit themselves in real time, like overzealous sub-editors trimming their own prose for fear of offending the style guide.
Keir Starmer, that most lawyerly of prime ministers, presides over this transformation with the serene expression of a man who believes due process is something that happens to other people. He speaks of kindness, of building a Britain where no one is left behind, and one detects the faint echo of every well-meaning authoritarian since time immemorial. The kindness is compulsory, you understand. The inclusivity is non-negotiable. And if you object – well, there are procedures. Forms to fill out. Investigations to endure. The slow, patient grinding of gears that leaves the complainant wishing they had never complained in the first place. And now, fresh from his triumphant jaunt to Beijing – the first by a British prime minister in eight years, no less – Sir Keir returns with tales of pragmatic engagement and sophisticated relationships. One imagines him strolling through Shanghai's Yuyuan Gardens, sipping tea in historic pavilions, while back home the citizenry practises the art of saying nothing at all. He met President Xi, of course, for hours of frank dialogue, emerging with agreements on visa-free travel (how generous: Britons may now visit the People's Republic for up to thirty days without the bother of paperwork), reduced tariffs on whisky, and assorted pacts in green tech and finance. All very grown-up, very realistic. One must engage with the world's second-largest economy, after all; pragmatism demands it.
Yet there is something touchingly ironic in the spectacle of a leader who oversees the quiet stifling of dissent at home rushing eastward to court a regime that has elevated censorship to an industrial art form. In China, the Great Firewall blocks inconvenient truths with the efficiency of a well-oiled machine; social credit systems monitor and punish deviation; and the Party's grip ensures that terror is not a whisper but a shout, albeit one that echoes in empty stadiums. Starmer, ever the lawyer, speaks of "meaningful dialogue on areas where we disagree," which presumably includes human rights, Hong Kong, and the Uyghurs – subjects raised, one supposes, with the delicate firmness of a man negotiating the price of Scotch. Meanwhile, even Donald Trump – not known for subtlety – pipes up from across the Atlantic to call the whole affair "very dangerous," prompting Sir Keir to shrug it off with the mild suggestion that the President was probably thinking of Canada.
The visit, we are told, is in the national interest: jobs, growth, opportunities for British business. Fair enough; one cannot eat principles, and the Treasury is not famed for its vegetarianism. But the timing adds a certain piquancy to Miss Smith's lament. As pensioners huddle in the cold and citizens weigh every word for potential offence, the Prime Minister demonstrates that engagement with authoritarians is fine when there's trade on the table. The chill wind of compliance blows stronger than ever, now seasoned with a hint of oriental pragmatism. Meanwhile the country carries on, because that is what Britain does best. Queues form politely outside food banks. Pensioners turn down the heating and tell pollsters they are 'managing.' Immigrants arrive in numbers that would have made previous generations gasp, and the subject is discussed in the careful euphemisms of people who have learned that certain words are radioactive. The economy creaks under the weight of taxes that rise like the tide, relentless and indifferent. And through it all runs the quiet terror of which Miss Smith speaks – not the terror of revolution but of repercussion.
One is reminded – how could one not be? – of Orwell, that prophet who understood Britain better than most Britons ever have. Orwell knew that the English variety of totalitarianism would not announce itself with jackboots but with clipboard-wielding officials and a smothering solicitude. “The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears,” he wrote in Nineteen Eighty-Four. In modern Britain we are encouraged to reject the evidence of our eyes and ears not by brute force but by the gentle pressure of social conformity and the threat of professional ruin. It is softer, more civilised, and therefore infinitely more difficult to resist – though perhaps Sir Keir picked up a few pointers on making it firmer during his Eastern excursion.
There are, of course, those who insist that nothing has changed. Free speech is alive and well, they say; one may still criticise the government, provided one does so in the correct tone and with due regard for the feelings of others. One may still notice patterns in crime statistics, as long as one prefaces the observation with a ritual disclaimer about the essential goodness of humanity. One may even vote for alternative parties, though one should be prepared for the subsequent media scrutiny of one’s character and associations. Freedom, in this view, is not the absence of consequences but the presence of guidelines – guidelines that, coincidentally, align rather neatly with the preferences of those in power.
And yet the chill is real. One senses it in conversations that trail off when certain subjects arise. One sees it in the careful phrasing of public statements, the sudden proliferation of phrases like “I’m not saying all…” and “Some of my best friends…” One hears it in the silence that follows a controversial remark – not the silence of agreement but the silence of calculation. People are weighing risks. They are performing the mental arithmetic of modern British life: Is this opinion worth the potential cost? Socialism, Miss Smith declares, does this to a country. The word is flung like a hand grenade, and in certain circles it explodes with satisfying force. Yet the phenomenon is larger than any single ideology. What we are witnessing is the convergence of managerial progressivism and corporate risk-aversion, seasoned with a dash of old-fashioned British busyness-about-other-people’s-business – and now, apparently, a splash of realpolitik imported from the East.
The result is a society that polices itself with an efficiency that would have made the Stasi weep with envy, though perhaps they would have preferred the Chinese model for its scale. There will, one supposes, come a reckoning. History suggests that people will endure a great deal before they push back, but endurance has limits. The British are slow to anger, yet when they do finally stir they tend to do so with a certain methodical thoroughness. One thinks of the Chartists, the suffragettes, the poll tax rioters – movements that began with quiet grievances and ended with the established order discovering, to its surprise, that the worm had turned.
For now, though, the terror persists. It is a quiet terror, a middle-class terror, a terror that apologises for itself even as it grips the heart. It is the terror of a nation that has traded the robust vulgarity of genuine disagreement for the polished veneer of enforced consensus – a consensus lately burnished in Beijing. And in the evenings, as the lights dim and the heating clicks off early to save money, one can almost hear the ghosts of older, freer Britons – Johnson, Mill, Orwell himself – turning in their graves with the weary sigh of those who warned us, all those years ago, that the price of liberty is eternal vigilance, and that the alternative is a silence so complete it can be heard across an entire island, perhaps even as far as the Great Wall.